Indian history : Ancient history Important points

 

Indian history : Ancient history ( Magadha & Mauryan dynasties) 

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER  : 

MAGADHA EMPIRE

HARYANKA DYNASTY 

1. BIMBISARA (558 BC – 492 BC)  

• He was the founder of Haryanka Dynasty  

• He followed a policy of conquest and expansion and he annexed Anga 

• The first king to have a standing army 

• Contemporary and follower of the Gautama Buddha 

• He had an effective and excellent administrative system. The officers occupying high posts divided into three parts were executive, military and judicial 

• He build the city of New Rajagriha AJATSHATRU (492 BC - 460 BC) 

• He is Son of Bimbisara and Chelana. Ajatshatru killed his father and become a ruler 

• Ajatshatru convened the First Buddhist Council at Rajagriha just after the death of Buddha in 483 BC 

• He annexed Kashi by attacking his maternal uncle Prasenjit, the king of kosala 

UDAYIN 

• Udayin is Shifted the capital from Rajagriha to Pataliputra 

• Nagadasak was the last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty who was replaced by Sisunga the Governor of Varanasi 

• The Haryanka dynasty was succeeded by the Shishunaga dynasty SHISUNAGA DYNASTY (412-344 BC) 

• Shisunga Was the Governor of Kasi before becoming king of Magadha and he annexed Avanti and brought an end to the long rivalry between Magadha and Avanti 

• Kalasoka is Son of Sisunaga. Kalasoka shifted the capital to Pataliputra 

• Kalasoka conducted the Second Buddhist Council at Vaishali in 383 BC 

NANDA DYNASTY (344-323 BC) 

• Mahapadma Nanda is called the first historical emperor of India. He murdered Kala Soka to become the king. 

• He is also called “Sarva Kashtriyantaka” (destroyer of all the kshatriyas) 

• He conquered Kalinga 

• Mahapadma was succeeded by his eight sons and they were together known as the Nava nandas or the nine Nandas 

Dhana Nanda was the last ruler of Nanda dynasty 

• During Dana Nanda’s reign, Alexander invaded north-west India (327–325 BCE). 

• Finally Dhana Nanda was overthrown by Chandragupta Maurya, which led to the foundations of the Maurya Empire in Magadha. 

MAURYAN EMPIRE

Chandragupta

• In a series of battles Chandragupta defeated Dhana Nanda and laid the foundations of the Maurya Empire in about 321 BC

• He conspired with chanakya the minister of Nanda to overthrew the last ruler Dhana Nanda

• Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) was an Indian statesman and philosopher, chief advisor of the Indian Emperor Chandragupta. He is celebrated as the author of the Arthasastra

• Chanakya or Kautilya is known as the Machiavelli of India

• The Arthashastra was a prescriptive text for good administration

• Megasthenes was the Greek ambassador at Chandragupta‟s court. Indica is an account of Mauryan India by the Greek writer Megasthenes

Pataliputra was the great capital city in the Mauryan Empire

• His reign lasted from 321 BC to 297 BC Bindusara

• Chandragupta‟s son Bindusara succeeded him as emperor in 297 BCE.

• Bindusara was known Amitraghata (Slayer of foes)

• His sons were appointed as viceroys of the different provinces of the empire.

• Bindusara had appointed his son Ashoka as the viceroy of Ujjain, the capital of Avanti.

Ashoka

• Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty

• Ashoka ascended the throne in 273 BC and ruled up to 232 BC

• Buddhist tradition says Ashoka kills 99 of his brothers to capture the throne

• Ashoka fought the kalinga War in 261 BC. Kalinga is modern day of Orissa

• After the battle of kalinga Ashoka become Buddhist being shocked by horrors of the war .

For the propagation of Buddhism Ashoka started the institution of Dharmamahamatras

• Ashoka held the third Buddhist council at his capital Pataliputra in 250 BC

• Ashoka spread Buddhism to Sri Lanka and Nepal

• He sent his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghamitra to the Sri Lanka for spread Buddhism. It is believed that they took a branch of the original Bodhi tree to Sri Lanka

• The edicts of Ashoka constitute the most concrete source of information about the Mauryan Empire. There are 33 edicts comprising 14 Major Rock Edicts, 2 known as Kalinga edicts, 7 Pillar Edicts, some Minor Rock Edicts and a few Minor Pillar Inscriptions.

• Brihadratha was the last ruler of the Maurya Empire killed by Pushyamitra Shunga who founded Sunga dynasty in 185 BC .

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